c/4 diagonal

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c/4 diagonal
Spaceship Yes
Puffer Yes
Rake Yes
Wickstretcher Yes
Gun Yes

c/4 diagonal is a diagonal speed that is equivalent to one fourth of the speed of light.

Spaceships

c/4 diagonal was the first spaceship speed to be discovered when Richard Guy found the glider in 1970. The glider was the only known c/4 diagonal spaceship until Dean Hickerson's searches discovered the big glider in December 1989. Robert Wainwright then found a few small tagalongs for this spaceship, including one that could connect two or more big gliders, giving arbitrarily large c/4 diagonal spaceships. Since then many c/4 diagonal spaceships have been found. Of particular note are those spaceships that produce sparks, such as Tim Coe's swan. On October 5, 2025, Matthias Merzenich confirmed that the 25-cell crab (originally found by Jason Summers in 2000) is the second smallest possible period-4 c/4 diagonal spaceship after the glider.[1] The first higher-period c/4 diagonal spaceship used two swans to pull a period-8 tagalong and was discovered by Jason Summers in November 2000. In September 2005 Hartmut Holzwart found a c/4 diagonal period-12 spaceship.[2][3] There is a severe lack of higher period c/4 diagonal spaceship technology until period 4508, for which David Bell in October 2005 constructed a rake with an adjustable period of 4508 + 32N, which can easily be turned into a spaceship by deleting the outgoing glider with a swan.[4]

Puffers

The first c/4 diagonal puffer was discovered by Hartmut Holzwart on February 9, 2004, which creates a tub and beehive every 28 generations.[4] On September 30, 2005 Jason Summers constructed a period 4284 puffer that was the basis of David Bell's adjustable rake. Additional low-period puffers were found by praosylen in October 2019 and March 2020.[5][6]

x = 84, y = 60, rule = b3/s23 74b2o6b2o$73b2o4b2obob$74bobo2b2o3b$74bobo2b2o3b$69b3o4bo7b$69bo14b$ 72b5o7b$69bo3b4o7b$70bob4o8b$71bo12b$63b3o18b$63bo2b3ob3o11b$64bobo17b $66bo3b2o12b$63b3o4bobo11b$63b2o5bo13b$66b3obo13b$61b2o3bo17b$61b2o3bo 17b$61bo3bo18b$62b2obo18b$59b5o20b$54b3obo2bo22b$54bo2bo2bo23b$57bo26b $53bo30b$50b5obo27b$50bo33b2$50bo33b$50bobo31b$33bo16bobo31b$32b2o14bo 2bo32b$32bobo6bo3bo2bo35b$30bobo8bo2b4o3bo32b$29b4obo3b2obobo2bo2b2o 33b$29bob5ob2o5bo39b$27b2o9bo45b$23bobob2o2b3o6bobo41b$21b2obo6b3o6b2o 42b$20b2ob9o9bo42b$21bo3b5o54b$18b3o63b$18bo2bo62b$18bobo9bo53b$12b2o 2b2o11bobo52b$11b2o5bo11bo5b2o46b$12bobo3bo16bo2bo45b$12b2ob3o18b2o46b $12b3o69b2$37bo46b$13bo22bobo45b$10bob2o23bo5b2o39b$9b3o30bo2bo38b$2o 6b3o32b2o39b$obo3b2o76b$o5b3o75b$3bo80b$3b2o! #C [[ THUMBSIZE 2 THEME 6 GRID GRIDMAJOR 0 SUPPRESS THUMBLAUNCH ]] #C [[ HEIGHT 600 WIDTH 800 THUMBSIZE 2 THUMBZOOM 8 ]]
c/4 diagonal puffer 1
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RLE: here Plaintext: here

Rakes

On October 14, 2005 David Bell constructed an adjustable period sideways rake with period 4508 + 32N based on Jason Summers' period 4284 puffer.

p116 c/4d technology

A period 116 puffer was discovered by Keith Amling in November 2023.[7] Adding one glider to the engine releases a glider output.[8] Multiple period-116 spaceships, rakes and puffers were discovered in the following days.[9][10][11][12][13] A period 230376 diagonal c/4 spaceship was completed by David Bell on December 5, 2023,[14] and a period 197316 version was completed on the next day.[15] A sawtooth with a minimum repeating population of 70079 was completed by David Bell on December 7, 2023.[16]

Wickstretchers

Hartmut Holzwart discovered the first c/4 diagonal wickstretcher, boatstretcher 1, on June 1, 1993. Holzwart also found a c/4 diagonal linestretcher on November 19, 2004. An incomplete wickstretcher was found by Paul Tooke in September 2004 for a period 6 wick, and in January 2013, Jason Summers and Matthias Merzenich found a stationary termination that completes the wickstretcher.[17] In October 2004 Hartmut Holzwart found a c/4 diagonal eater for this wick.

x = 59, y = 59, rule = B3/S23 39bo$38b2o$38bobo2$41b2o$41b2o$32b3o$32bo3b2ob2o$35bob3obo$32bo3b3o2bo $27b2o4bobo$26b2o6bo$28bo10bo2bo$30bo3b2o6bo10b2o$23b2o4b3o2bo3bo4bo9b 2o2b2o$22b2o4bo5b2o2b2o2bobo6b2obo2b2o$24bo2b2obo3bo8bob2o4b3o$26b2o2b o2$26bobo14bo2bo5b2o$26bo16b2o3b2o2b2o$25b3o20bo$15bo11bo19b3o$14b2o7b 2o$14bobo6b2o2bo$21bo25b3o$11bo5bob3o4b2obo11b2o5bo$10b2o4b2o3b2obobo 3bo6b2o2b2o5bo$10bobo2b2o2bo17b2o2bob2o3bo$14bo11bo2b2obo9b3o3bo$13b2o b2o9bobo3bo14b2o$14bo$6b2obo19bo2b2obo6b2o$6bo3bo19bobo3bo5b2o4b2o$6bo 4bob4o31bo$8bobo2bobo16bo2b2obo9bo$7bobo23bobo3bo7bo$7b3o17b2o17bobo$b 2o5b2o4b2o11b2o6bo2b2obo3b2obo$2o5b2o3bo2bo20bobo3bo5bo$2bo4bo39bo$4b 2o2b2o16b3o9bo2b2obo2bo$4b2o6b2obo10b2obo2b2o5bobob2o$14bobo2b2o7b2o2b 2o8bo$15bo4bo7b2o11b2o$16bo21bo$16bo2bo17b2o$22bo2bo10bo3b2o$20b3o2b6o 2b3ob3o$20bobo2bo4bo2bo2$15b2o$15b2o2b2o$13b2obo2b2o$13b3o3$14b2o$14b 2o! #C [[ THUMBSIZE 2 THEME 6 GRID GRIDMAJOR 0 SUPPRESS THUMBLAUNCH ]] #C [[ HEIGHT 600 WIDTH 800 THUMBSIZE 2 THUMBZOOM 10 ]]
c/4 diagonal wickstretcher for a period-6 wick
(click above to open LifeViewer)
RLE: here Plaintext: here
x = 173, y = 94, rule = B3/S23 7b3o$7bo$8bo$10b2o$9b2o2$8bo$2o7bo$obo3bo3b2o$o3bo2bo3b2o$3b2o3bo6b2o$3bo4b2o3bob2o4bo$9bo3bo4b2obo$11b2o9bo$19b3o$10b2o4bo4b2o$10b2o3bo6b2o$26bo$12bo8b2o2b2obo$12bobo5b2obo3b2o100b2o6b2o$14bo4b2o2bo5bo98b2o4b2obo$11b2ob2o2b2o3b2o3bo100bobo2b2o$13bob2obo3bo2bo4bo98b3o2b2o$16bo2b3o5b2obob2o89b2ob2ob3o$21bo6b2o4bo83b2o3bob3o$18bo3bo10bobo82bobo2bo$17b2o10b4o2b3o80bo7bo2bo$19bo3bo4b3o4bo85bo4bo2bo$18b2obob2o2bo10bo75b2o5b3o$20bo3bob2o7bobo51b3o21b2o5bo2bo44b3o$22b2o2b2o9bob2o48bo25bo3b2o47bo$26bo11bo2bo29b2o17bo26b5o28b2o17bo$23bo2bo10bo32b2o20b2o22bo2bo29b2o20b2o$23bobo15bo30bo20bo25bo31bo20bo$24bo49b2o32bo44b2o$25b3obo9bobo31bo14bo18b2o9bobo31bo14bo$26bo11b2obo23b2o19bob5o14bobo7b2obo23b2o19bob5o$26bo2b2obo4b2o26bo2b2o2bo2bo9b2o4b2o18bo4b2o26bo2b2o2bo2bo9b2o4b2o$28bo2bo4b3o26bob3o2bo13b2o22bo4b3o26bob3o2bo13b2o$30bo4b2o3b3o23bo4bo2bo5b3o2bo17b3o4bo3b2o3b3o23bo4bo2bo5b3o2bo$30bo8b3o24bo6bo6bo2b2o2bo15bo5b4o5b3o24bo6bo6bo2b2o2bo$31bobob2o2b3o24bo2bo11b2ob5o15bo3b3o3b2o2b3o24bo2bo11b2ob5o$39bo3b3o32b5ob2ob2o17b2o2bo7bo3b3o32b5ob2ob2o$42b3o21bo10b2o2bo25bo13b3o21bo10b2o2bo$42b3o21b3o10bo22b3o2b2o12b3o21b3o10bo$42bo3b3o15b2o13b2o2b3o16bo18bo3b3o15b2o13b2o2b3o$45b3o16bo2b2o9b2obo21bo20b3o16bo2b2o9b2obo$45b3o16bo16bo3bo16b2ob2o17b3o16bo16bo3bo$45bo3b3o13b2obo7b2ob3obo18b2o20bo3b3o13b2obo7b2ob3obo$48b3o14bo2bo7b2o21bo27b3o14bo2bo7b2o$48b3o13b2obo9b2o19b5o2b2o20b3o13b2obo9b2o$48bo3b3o5b3ob3o6b2ob2o20bo2b2o24bo3b3o5b3ob3o6b2ob2o$51b3o6bo2bobo6b3ob2o22b3o27b3o6bo2bobo6b3ob2o$51b3o7bo2b2o4b2o4bo53b3o7bo2b2o4b2o4bo$51bo3b3o6b2o4bo2b2o55bo3b3o6b2o4bo2b2o$54b3o3b3obo5b2o27b3o31b3o3b3obo5b2o$54b3o2bo2b2ob3ob3ob2o24b3o31b3o2bo2b2ob3ob3ob2o$54bo3bo11bo3bo58bo3bo11bo3bo$57b3o2bo3bo4bo26b2o36b3o2bo3bo4bo$56bob2o7bo3bo26bo36bob2o7bo3bo$51b2o2bo14bo59b2o2bo14bo$51bobobo74bobobo$51bo3b2obo71bo3b2obo$52bo3bo74bo3bo$45b3o2b2ob3o68b3o2b2ob3o$36b3o6bo2b7obo58b3o6bo2b7obo$36bo2b3ob2o3bo2bo4bobo56bo2b3ob2o3bo2bo4bobo$38bo5bobo3bo5bo2bo57bo5bobo3bo5bo2bo$37b2o5bobob2o66b2o5bobob2o$37b2o2bo14bo59b2o2bo14bo$32bo20b5o2bo50bo20b5o2bo$31b2o6bo13bob2ob2o50b2o6bo13bob2ob2o$31bobo3b2o13bo57bobo3b2o13bo$35bo4bo10b2obobo57bo4bo10b2obobo$34bo4bo11b2obob2o55bo4bo11b2obob2o$34bo2bo75bo2bo$48b2ob3o73b2ob3o$43bo4b5o69bo4b5o$42b2o2bo3bo70b2o2bo3bo$42bob3obo72bob3obo$39b2obo2bo2bo69b2obo2bo2bo$39bob3o2b3o69bob3o2b3o$39bob2o75bob2o$40bo4bo2bo70bo4bo2bo$40b3o2bo73b3o2bo$37bobob2o2bobo68bobob2o2bobo$36b3o2bo73b3o2bo$38bob3o74bob3o$35b2o4b2o71b2o4b2o$29b2o5bo71b2o5bo$29bobo4bo71bobo4bo$29bo6b2o70bo6b2o$32bo3b2o73bo3b2o$32b2o77b2o! #C [[ THUMBSIZE 2 THEME 6 GRID GRIDMAJOR 0 SUPPRESS THUMBLAUNCH ]] #C [[ HEIGHT 600 WIDTH 1200 THUMBSIZE 2 THUMBZOOM 6 ]]
Holzwart's backend with two different frontends.
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Guns

Many glider guns have been made that shoot gliders, however no gun was constructed for any other c/4 diagonal spaceship before December 2014, when refinement of the glider synthesis of the crab enabled a period-120 gun to be completed.[18]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Matthias Merzenich (October 5, 2025). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
  2. ↑ Jason Summers' Game of Life Status page
  3. ↑ the spaceship in question
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Jason Summers' jslife pattern collection. Retrieved on October 28, 2020.
  5. ↑ praosylen (October 29, 2019). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
  6. ↑ praosylen (March 22, 2020). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
  7. ↑ Keith Amling (November 8, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
  8. ↑ praosylen (November 10, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
  9. ↑ EvinZL (November 10, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
  10. ↑ May13 (November 13, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
  11. ↑ David Bell (November 18, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
  12. ↑ David Bell (November 23, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
  13. ↑ iNoMed (November 30, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
  14. ↑ David Bell (December 5, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
  15. ↑ David Bell (December 6, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
  16. ↑ David Bell (December 7, 2023). A probing sawtooth (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
  17. ↑ Matthias Merzenich (January 8, 2013). Re: Wickstretcher partial result (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
  18. ↑ Martin Grant (December 30, 2014). Re: How about a crab synthesis? (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums


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