C/4 diagonal: Difference between revisions
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==Spaceships== | ==Spaceships== | ||
c/4 diagonal was the first [[spaceship]] speed to be discovered when [[Richard Guy]] found the [[glider]] in | c/4 diagonal was the first [[spaceship]] speed to be discovered when [[Richard Guy]] found the [[glider]] in {{year|1970}}. The glider was the only known c/4 diagonal spaceship until [[Dean Hickerson]]'s [[computer search|searches]] discovered the [[big glider]] in December {{year|1989}}. [[Robert Wainwright]] then found a few small [[tagalong]]s for this spaceship, including one that could connect two or more big gliders, giving arbitrarily large c/4 diagonal spaceships. Since then many c/4 diagonal spaceships have been found. Of particular note are those spaceships that produce [[spark]]s, such as [[Tim Coe]]'s [[swan]]. On October 5, {{year|2025}}, [[Matthias Merzenich]] confirmed that the {{cells|25}}-cell [[crab]] (originally found by [[Jason Summers]] in {{year|2000}}) is the second smallest possible period-4 c/4 diagonal spaceship after the glider.<ref name="post219270" /> The first higher-[[period]] c/4 diagonal spaceship used two swans to pull a {{periodS|8}} tagalong and was discovered by [[Jason Summers]] in November {{year|2000}}. In September {{year|2005}} [[Hartmut Holzwart]] found a c/4 diagonal {{periodS|12}} spaceship.<ref name="jasonstatus" /><ref name="3c/12d" /> There is a severe lack of higher period c/4 diagonal spaceship technology until period 4508, for which [[David Bell]] in October 2005 constructed a [[rake]] with an adjustable period of {{nowrap|4508 + 32N}}, which can easily be turned into a spaceship by deleting the outgoing glider with a swan.<ref name="jslife" /> | ||
==Puffers== | ==Puffers== | ||
The first c/4 diagonal [[puffer]] was discovered by Hartmut Holzwart on February 9, {{year|2004}}, which creates a [[tub]] and [[beehive]] every 28 generations.<ref name="jslife">{{CiteSummersPattern|name=jslife|accessdate=October 28, 2020}}</ref> On September 30, {{year|2005}} Jason Summers constructed a period 4284 puffer that was the basis of David Bell's adjustable rake. Additional low-period puffers were found by [[praosylen]] in October {{year|2019}} and March {{year|2020}}.<ref name="post84629" /><ref name="post92024" /> | |||
The first c/4 diagonal [[puffer]] was discovered by Hartmut Holzwart on February 9, | |||
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|caption = c/4 diagonal puffer 1 | |||
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}} | |||
===Rakes=== | ===Rakes=== | ||
On October 14, 2005 David Bell constructed an adjustable period sideways rake with period 4508 + 32N based on Jason Summers' period 4284 puffer. | On October 14, 2005 David Bell constructed an adjustable period sideways [[rake]] with period 4508 + 32N based on Jason Summers' period 4284 puffer. | ||
=== p116 c/4d technology === | |||
A period 116 puffer was discovered by Keith Amling in November {{year|2023}}.<ref name="post170685" /> Adding one glider to the engine releases a glider output.<ref name="post170835" /> Multiple {{periodS|116}} spaceships, rakes and puffers were discovered in the following days.<ref name="post170856" /><ref name="post171051" /><ref name="post171415" /><ref name="post171820" /><ref name="post172261" /> | |||
A period 230376 diagonal c/4 spaceship was completed by David Bell on December 5, 2023,<ref name="post172568" /> and a period 197316 version was completed on the next day.<ref name="post172620" /> | |||
A sawtooth with a minimum repeating population of 70079 was completed by David Bell on December 7, 2023.<ref name="thread6258" /> | |||
==Wickstretchers== | ==Wickstretchers== | ||
Hartmut Holzwart discovered the first c/4 diagonal [[wickstretcher]], [[boatstretcher 1]], on June 1, {{year|1993}}. Holzwart also found a c/4 diagonal linestretcher on November 19, 2004. An incomplete [[wickstretcher]] was found by [[Paul Tooke]] in September 2004 for a period 6 wick, and in January 2013, Jason Summers and [[Matthias Merzenich]] found a stationary termination that completes the wickstretcher.<ref name="post7373" /> In October 2004 Hartmut Holzwart found a c/4 diagonal eater for this wick. | |||
Hartmut Holzwart discovered the first c/4 diagonal [[wickstretcher]], [[boatstretcher 1]], on June 1, | |||
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|rle = x = 173, y = 94, rule = B3/S23 | |||
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|caption = Holzwart's backend with two different frontends. | |||
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}}}} | |||
==Guns== | ==Guns== | ||
Many [[gun]]s have been made that shoot gliders | Many [[glider gun]]s have been made that shoot gliders, however no [[gun]] was constructed for any other c/4 diagonal spaceship before December 2014, when refinement of the glider synthesis of the [[crab]] enabled a period-120 gun to be completed.<ref name="post15390" /> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[c/4 orthogonal]] | * [[c/4 orthogonal]] | ||
* | * {{CategoryLink|Spaceships with speed c/4}} | ||
* {{CategoryLink|Speeds}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references> | ||
<ref name="post7373">{{LinkForumThread | |||
|format = ref | |||
|p = 7373 | |||
|title = Re: Wickstretcher partial result | |||
|author = Matthias Merzenich | |||
|date = January 8, 2013 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="post15390">{{LinkForumThread | |||
|format = ref | |||
|f = 2 | |||
|t = 1533 | |||
|p = 15390 | |||
|title = Re: How about a crab synthesis? | |||
|author = [[Martin Grant]] | |||
|date = December 30, 2014 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="post84629">{{LinkForumThread | |||
|format = ref | |||
|p = 84629 | |||
|title = Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread | |||
|author = praosylen | |||
|date = October 29, 2019 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="post92024">{{LinkForumThread | |||
|format = ref | |||
|p = 92024 | |||
|title = Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread | |||
|author = praosylen | |||
|date = March 22, 2020 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="post170685">{{LinkForumThread | |||
|format = ref | |||
|p = 170685 | |||
|title = Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread | |||
|author = Keith Amling | |||
|date = November 8, 2023 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="post170835">{{LinkForumThread | |||
|format = ref | |||
|p = 170835 | |||
|title = Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread | |||
|author = praosylen | |||
|date = November 10, 2023 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="post170856">{{LinkForumThread | |||
|format = ref | |||
|p = 170856 | |||
|title = Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread | |||
|author = EvinZL | |||
|date = November 10, 2023 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="post171051">{{LinkForumThread | |||
|format = ref | |||
|p = 171051 | |||
|title = Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread | |||
|author = May13 | |||
|date = November 13, 2023 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="post171415">{{LinkForumThread | |||
|format = ref | |||
|p = 171415 | |||
|title = Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread | |||
|author = David Bell | |||
|date = November 18, 2023 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="post171820">{{LinkForumThread | |||
|format = ref | |||
|p = 171820 | |||
|title = Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread | |||
|author = David Bell | |||
|date = November 23, 2023 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="post172261">{{LinkForumThread | |||
|format = ref | |||
|p = 172261 | |||
|title = Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread | |||
|author = iNoMed | |||
|date = November 30, 2023 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="post172568">{{LinkForumThread | |||
|format = ref | |||
|p = 172568 | |||
|title = Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread | |||
|author = David Bell | |||
|date = December 5, 2023 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="post172620">{{LinkForumThread | |||
|format = ref | |||
|p = 172620 | |||
|title = Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread | |||
|author = David Bell | |||
|date = December 6, 2023 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="thread6258">{{LinkForumThread | |||
|format = ref | |||
|f = 2 | |||
|t = 6258 | |||
|p = 172670 | |||
|title = A probing sawtooth | |||
|author = David Bell | |||
|date = December 7, 2023 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="post219270">{{LinkForumThread | |||
|format = ref | |||
|p = 219270 | |||
|title = Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread | |||
|author = Matthias Merzenich | |||
|date = October 5, 2025 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="jasonstatus">Jason Summers' [http://entropymine.com/jason/life/status.html Game of Life Status page]</ref> | |||
<ref name="3c/12d">{{LinkCatagolue|xq12_ym8u0mwhhh0igxoozyfgg0ggwepg09f011whuby0562zy8o8cc46baqo046jrp6zy8g5ray34pczxc0k822ijr3x247zig831y0114oczx562|name=the spaceship in question|style=raw}}</ref> | |||
</references> | |||
== | ==External links== | ||
* | * {{LinkLexicon|lex_c.htm#c4spaceship|name=c/4 spaceship}} | ||
*{{CiteSummersPattern|name=jslife}} | * {{CiteSummersPattern|name=jslife}} | ||
* {{LinkGoLNews|2004/12/new_2c4_and_diagonal_c4_spaces_1.html|title=New 2c/4 and Diagonal c/4 Spaceships|date=December 17, 2004|author=Heinrich Koenig}} | |||
* {{LinkGoLNews|2005/08/new_c4_diagonal_spaceships.html|title=New c/4 Diagonal Spaceships|date=August 03, 2005|author=Heinrich Koenig}} | |||
* {{LinkGoLNews|2005/08/more_new_c4_diagonal_spaceship_3.html|title=More new c/4 Diagonal Spaceships|date=August 21, 2005|author=Heinrich Koenig}} | |||
* {{LinkGoLNews|2005/09/more_new_c4_diagonal_spaceship_2.html|title=More new c/4 Diagonal Spaceships|date=September 07, 2005|author=Heinrich Koenig}} | |||
* {{LinkGoLNews|2005/09/more_new_c4_diagonal_spaceship_1.html|title=More new c/4 Diagonal Spaceships|date=September 19, 2005|author=Heinrich Koenig}} | |||
* {{LinkGoLNews|2005/10/more_new_c4_diagonal_spaceship.html|title=More new c/4 Diagonal Spaceships|date=October 06, 2005|author=Heinrich Koenig}} | |||
* {{LinkGoLNews|2006/12/new_c4_diagonal_spaceships.html|title=New c/4 Diagonal Spaceships|date=December 10, 2006|author=Heinrich Koenig}} | |||
{{ | {{dtlc1}} | ||
Latest revision as of 10:11, 5 October 2025
| c/4 diagonal | ||
| ||
| Spaceship | Yes | |
|---|---|---|
| Puffer | Yes | |
| Rake | Yes | |
| Wickstretcher | Yes | |
| Gun | Yes | |
c/4 diagonal is a diagonal speed that is equivalent to one fourth of the speed of light.
Spaceships
c/4 diagonal was the first spaceship speed to be discovered when Richard Guy found the glider in 1970. The glider was the only known c/4 diagonal spaceship until Dean Hickerson's searches discovered the big glider in December 1989. Robert Wainwright then found a few small tagalongs for this spaceship, including one that could connect two or more big gliders, giving arbitrarily large c/4 diagonal spaceships. Since then many c/4 diagonal spaceships have been found. Of particular note are those spaceships that produce sparks, such as Tim Coe's swan. On October 5, 2025, Matthias Merzenich confirmed that the 25-cell crab (originally found by Jason Summers in 2000) is the second smallest possible period-4 c/4 diagonal spaceship after the glider.[1] The first higher-period c/4 diagonal spaceship used two swans to pull a period-8 tagalong and was discovered by Jason Summers in November 2000. In September 2005 Hartmut Holzwart found a c/4 diagonal period-12 spaceship.[2][3] There is a severe lack of higher period c/4 diagonal spaceship technology until period 4508, for which David Bell in October 2005 constructed a rake with an adjustable period of 4508 + 32N, which can easily be turned into a spaceship by deleting the outgoing glider with a swan.[4]
Puffers
The first c/4 diagonal puffer was discovered by Hartmut Holzwart on February 9, 2004, which creates a tub and beehive every 28 generations.[4] On September 30, 2005 Jason Summers constructed a period 4284 puffer that was the basis of David Bell's adjustable rake. Additional low-period puffers were found by praosylen in October 2019 and March 2020.[5][6]
| c/4 diagonal puffer 1 (click above to open LifeViewer) RLE: here Plaintext: here |
Rakes
On October 14, 2005 David Bell constructed an adjustable period sideways rake with period 4508 + 32N based on Jason Summers' period 4284 puffer.
p116 c/4d technology
A period 116 puffer was discovered by Keith Amling in November 2023.[7] Adding one glider to the engine releases a glider output.[8] Multiple period-116 spaceships, rakes and puffers were discovered in the following days.[9][10][11][12][13] A period 230376 diagonal c/4 spaceship was completed by David Bell on December 5, 2023,[14] and a period 197316 version was completed on the next day.[15] A sawtooth with a minimum repeating population of 70079 was completed by David Bell on December 7, 2023.[16]
Wickstretchers
Hartmut Holzwart discovered the first c/4 diagonal wickstretcher, boatstretcher 1, on June 1, 1993. Holzwart also found a c/4 diagonal linestretcher on November 19, 2004. An incomplete wickstretcher was found by Paul Tooke in September 2004 for a period 6 wick, and in January 2013, Jason Summers and Matthias Merzenich found a stationary termination that completes the wickstretcher.[17] In October 2004 Hartmut Holzwart found a c/4 diagonal eater for this wick.
| c/4 diagonal wickstretcher for a period-6 wick (click above to open LifeViewer) RLE: here Plaintext: here |
| Holzwart's backend with two different frontends. (click above to open LifeViewer) |
Guns
Many glider guns have been made that shoot gliders, however no gun was constructed for any other c/4 diagonal spaceship before December 2014, when refinement of the glider synthesis of the crab enabled a period-120 gun to be completed.[18]
See also
- c/4 orthogonal
- Spaceships with speed c/4 (category)
- Speeds (category)
References
- ↑ Matthias Merzenich (October 5, 2025). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ Jason Summers' Game of Life Status page
- ↑ the spaceship in question
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Jason Summers' jslife pattern collection. Retrieved on October 28, 2020.
- ↑ praosylen (October 29, 2019). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ praosylen (March 22, 2020). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ Keith Amling (November 8, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ praosylen (November 10, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ EvinZL (November 10, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ May13 (November 13, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ David Bell (November 18, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ David Bell (November 23, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ iNoMed (November 30, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ David Bell (December 5, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ David Bell (December 6, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ David Bell (December 7, 2023). A probing sawtooth (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ Matthias Merzenich (January 8, 2013). Re: Wickstretcher partial result (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ Martin Grant (December 30, 2014). Re: How about a crab synthesis? (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
External links
- c/4 spaceship at the Life Lexicon
- Jason Summers' jslife pattern collection.
- New 2c/4 and Diagonal c/4 Spaceships at Game of Life News. Posted by Heinrich Koenig on December 17, 2004.
- New c/4 Diagonal Spaceships at Game of Life News. Posted by Heinrich Koenig on August 03, 2005.
- More new c/4 Diagonal Spaceships at Game of Life News. Posted by Heinrich Koenig on August 21, 2005.
- More new c/4 Diagonal Spaceships at Game of Life News. Posted by Heinrich Koenig on September 07, 2005.
- More new c/4 Diagonal Spaceships at Game of Life News. Posted by Heinrich Koenig on September 19, 2005.
- More new c/4 Diagonal Spaceships at Game of Life News. Posted by Heinrich Koenig on October 06, 2005.
- New c/4 Diagonal Spaceships at Game of Life News. Posted by Heinrich Koenig on December 10, 2006.
