C/4 diagonal: Difference between revisions
m →Wickstretchers: infobox -> embedded viewer, rephrase and deparenthesize |
crab confirmed to be the second smallest p4 c/4 diagonal ship |
||
| (3 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
==Spaceships== | ==Spaceships== | ||
c/4 diagonal was the first [[spaceship]] speed to be discovered when [[Richard Guy]] found the [[glider]] in {{year|1970}}. The glider was the only known c/4 diagonal spaceship until [[Dean Hickerson]]'s [[computer search|searches]] discovered the [[big glider]] in December {{year|1989}}. [[Robert Wainwright]] then found a few small [[tagalong]]s for this spaceship, including one that could connect two or more big gliders, giving arbitrarily large c/4 diagonal spaceships. Since then many c/4 diagonal spaceships have been found | c/4 diagonal was the first [[spaceship]] speed to be discovered when [[Richard Guy]] found the [[glider]] in {{year|1970}}. The glider was the only known c/4 diagonal spaceship until [[Dean Hickerson]]'s [[computer search|searches]] discovered the [[big glider]] in December {{year|1989}}. [[Robert Wainwright]] then found a few small [[tagalong]]s for this spaceship, including one that could connect two or more big gliders, giving arbitrarily large c/4 diagonal spaceships. Since then many c/4 diagonal spaceships have been found. Of particular note are those spaceships that produce [[spark]]s, such as [[Tim Coe]]'s [[swan]]. On October 5, {{year|2025}}, [[Matthias Merzenich]] confirmed that the {{cells|25}}-cell [[crab]] (originally found by [[Jason Summers]] in {{year|2000}}) is the second smallest possible period-4 c/4 diagonal spaceship after the glider.<ref name="post219270" /> The first higher-[[period]] c/4 diagonal spaceship used two swans to pull a {{periodS|8}} tagalong and was discovered by [[Jason Summers]] in November {{year|2000}}. In September {{year|2005}} [[Hartmut Holzwart]] found a c/4 diagonal {{periodS|12}} spaceship.<ref name="jasonstatus" /><ref name="3c/12d" /> There is a severe lack of higher period c/4 diagonal spaceship technology until period 4508, for which [[David Bell]] in October 2005 constructed a [[rake]] with an adjustable period of {{nowrap|4508 + 32N}}, which can easily be turned into a spaceship by deleting the outgoing glider with a swan.<ref name="jslife" /> | ||
==Puffers== | ==Puffers== | ||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
{{EmbedViewer | {{EmbedViewer | ||
|pname = c4diagonalpuffer1 | |pname = c4diagonalpuffer1 | ||
|viewerconfig = #C [[ HEIGHT 600 WIDTH 800 THUMBSIZE 2 | |viewerconfig = #C [[ HEIGHT 600 WIDTH 800 THUMBSIZE 2 THUMBZOOM 8 ]] | ||
|position = center | |position = center | ||
|caption = c/4 diagonal puffer 1 | |caption = c/4 diagonal puffer 1 | ||
| Line 37: | Line 37: | ||
{{gallery item|{{EmbedViewer | {{gallery item|{{EmbedViewer | ||
|pname = p6diagonalwickstretcher1 | |pname = p6diagonalwickstretcher1 | ||
|viewerconfig = #C [[ HEIGHT 600 WIDTH 800 THUMBSIZE 2 | |viewerconfig = #C [[ HEIGHT 600 WIDTH 800 THUMBSIZE 2 THUMBZOOM 10 ]] | ||
|position = center | |position = center | ||
|caption = c/4 diagonal wickstretcher for a period-6 wick | |caption = c/4 diagonal wickstretcher for a period-6 wick | ||
| Line 45: | Line 45: | ||
|rle = x = 173, y = 94, rule = B3/S23 | |rle = x = 173, y = 94, rule = B3/S23 | ||
7b3o$7bo$8bo$10b2o$9b2o2$8bo$2o7bo$obo3bo3b2o$o3bo2bo3b2o$3b2o3bo6b2o$3bo4b2o3bob2o4bo$9bo3bo4b2obo$11b2o9bo$19b3o$10b2o4bo4b2o$10b2o3bo6b2o$26bo$12bo8b2o2b2obo$12bobo5b2obo3b2o100b2o6b2o$14bo4b2o2bo5bo98b2o4b2obo$11b2ob2o2b2o3b2o3bo100bobo2b2o$13bob2obo3bo2bo4bo98b3o2b2o$16bo2b3o5b2obob2o89b2ob2ob3o$21bo6b2o4bo83b2o3bob3o$18bo3bo10bobo82bobo2bo$17b2o10b4o2b3o80bo7bo2bo$19bo3bo4b3o4bo85bo4bo2bo$18b2obob2o2bo10bo75b2o5b3o$20bo3bob2o7bobo51b3o21b2o5bo2bo44b3o$22b2o2b2o9bob2o48bo25bo3b2o47bo$26bo11bo2bo29b2o17bo26b5o28b2o17bo$23bo2bo10bo32b2o20b2o22bo2bo29b2o20b2o$23bobo15bo30bo20bo25bo31bo20bo$24bo49b2o32bo44b2o$25b3obo9bobo31bo14bo18b2o9bobo31bo14bo$26bo11b2obo23b2o19bob5o14bobo7b2obo23b2o19bob5o$26bo2b2obo4b2o26bo2b2o2bo2bo9b2o4b2o18bo4b2o26bo2b2o2bo2bo9b2o4b2o$28bo2bo4b3o26bob3o2bo13b2o22bo4b3o26bob3o2bo13b2o$30bo4b2o3b3o23bo4bo2bo5b3o2bo17b3o4bo3b2o3b3o23bo4bo2bo5b3o2bo$30bo8b3o24bo6bo6bo2b2o2bo15bo5b4o5b3o24bo6bo6bo2b2o2bo$31bobob2o2b3o24bo2bo11b2ob5o15bo3b3o3b2o2b3o24bo2bo11b2ob5o$39bo3b3o32b5ob2ob2o17b2o2bo7bo3b3o32b5ob2ob2o$42b3o21bo10b2o2bo25bo13b3o21bo10b2o2bo$42b3o21b3o10bo22b3o2b2o12b3o21b3o10bo$42bo3b3o15b2o13b2o2b3o16bo18bo3b3o15b2o13b2o2b3o$45b3o16bo2b2o9b2obo21bo20b3o16bo2b2o9b2obo$45b3o16bo16bo3bo16b2ob2o17b3o16bo16bo3bo$45bo3b3o13b2obo7b2ob3obo18b2o20bo3b3o13b2obo7b2ob3obo$48b3o14bo2bo7b2o21bo27b3o14bo2bo7b2o$48b3o13b2obo9b2o19b5o2b2o20b3o13b2obo9b2o$48bo3b3o5b3ob3o6b2ob2o20bo2b2o24bo3b3o5b3ob3o6b2ob2o$51b3o6bo2bobo6b3ob2o22b3o27b3o6bo2bobo6b3ob2o$51b3o7bo2b2o4b2o4bo53b3o7bo2b2o4b2o4bo$51bo3b3o6b2o4bo2b2o55bo3b3o6b2o4bo2b2o$54b3o3b3obo5b2o27b3o31b3o3b3obo5b2o$54b3o2bo2b2ob3ob3ob2o24b3o31b3o2bo2b2ob3ob3ob2o$54bo3bo11bo3bo58bo3bo11bo3bo$57b3o2bo3bo4bo26b2o36b3o2bo3bo4bo$56bob2o7bo3bo26bo36bob2o7bo3bo$51b2o2bo14bo59b2o2bo14bo$51bobobo74bobobo$51bo3b2obo71bo3b2obo$52bo3bo74bo3bo$45b3o2b2ob3o68b3o2b2ob3o$36b3o6bo2b7obo58b3o6bo2b7obo$36bo2b3ob2o3bo2bo4bobo56bo2b3ob2o3bo2bo4bobo$38bo5bobo3bo5bo2bo57bo5bobo3bo5bo2bo$37b2o5bobob2o66b2o5bobob2o$37b2o2bo14bo59b2o2bo14bo$32bo20b5o2bo50bo20b5o2bo$31b2o6bo13bob2ob2o50b2o6bo13bob2ob2o$31bobo3b2o13bo57bobo3b2o13bo$35bo4bo10b2obobo57bo4bo10b2obobo$34bo4bo11b2obob2o55bo4bo11b2obob2o$34bo2bo75bo2bo$48b2ob3o73b2ob3o$43bo4b5o69bo4b5o$42b2o2bo3bo70b2o2bo3bo$42bob3obo72bob3obo$39b2obo2bo2bo69b2obo2bo2bo$39bob3o2b3o69bob3o2b3o$39bob2o75bob2o$40bo4bo2bo70bo4bo2bo$40b3o2bo73b3o2bo$37bobob2o2bobo68bobob2o2bobo$36b3o2bo73b3o2bo$38bob3o74bob3o$35b2o4b2o71b2o4b2o$29b2o5bo71b2o5bo$29bobo4bo71bobo4bo$29bo6b2o70bo6b2o$32bo3b2o73bo3b2o$32b2o77b2o! | 7b3o$7bo$8bo$10b2o$9b2o2$8bo$2o7bo$obo3bo3b2o$o3bo2bo3b2o$3b2o3bo6b2o$3bo4b2o3bob2o4bo$9bo3bo4b2obo$11b2o9bo$19b3o$10b2o4bo4b2o$10b2o3bo6b2o$26bo$12bo8b2o2b2obo$12bobo5b2obo3b2o100b2o6b2o$14bo4b2o2bo5bo98b2o4b2obo$11b2ob2o2b2o3b2o3bo100bobo2b2o$13bob2obo3bo2bo4bo98b3o2b2o$16bo2b3o5b2obob2o89b2ob2ob3o$21bo6b2o4bo83b2o3bob3o$18bo3bo10bobo82bobo2bo$17b2o10b4o2b3o80bo7bo2bo$19bo3bo4b3o4bo85bo4bo2bo$18b2obob2o2bo10bo75b2o5b3o$20bo3bob2o7bobo51b3o21b2o5bo2bo44b3o$22b2o2b2o9bob2o48bo25bo3b2o47bo$26bo11bo2bo29b2o17bo26b5o28b2o17bo$23bo2bo10bo32b2o20b2o22bo2bo29b2o20b2o$23bobo15bo30bo20bo25bo31bo20bo$24bo49b2o32bo44b2o$25b3obo9bobo31bo14bo18b2o9bobo31bo14bo$26bo11b2obo23b2o19bob5o14bobo7b2obo23b2o19bob5o$26bo2b2obo4b2o26bo2b2o2bo2bo9b2o4b2o18bo4b2o26bo2b2o2bo2bo9b2o4b2o$28bo2bo4b3o26bob3o2bo13b2o22bo4b3o26bob3o2bo13b2o$30bo4b2o3b3o23bo4bo2bo5b3o2bo17b3o4bo3b2o3b3o23bo4bo2bo5b3o2bo$30bo8b3o24bo6bo6bo2b2o2bo15bo5b4o5b3o24bo6bo6bo2b2o2bo$31bobob2o2b3o24bo2bo11b2ob5o15bo3b3o3b2o2b3o24bo2bo11b2ob5o$39bo3b3o32b5ob2ob2o17b2o2bo7bo3b3o32b5ob2ob2o$42b3o21bo10b2o2bo25bo13b3o21bo10b2o2bo$42b3o21b3o10bo22b3o2b2o12b3o21b3o10bo$42bo3b3o15b2o13b2o2b3o16bo18bo3b3o15b2o13b2o2b3o$45b3o16bo2b2o9b2obo21bo20b3o16bo2b2o9b2obo$45b3o16bo16bo3bo16b2ob2o17b3o16bo16bo3bo$45bo3b3o13b2obo7b2ob3obo18b2o20bo3b3o13b2obo7b2ob3obo$48b3o14bo2bo7b2o21bo27b3o14bo2bo7b2o$48b3o13b2obo9b2o19b5o2b2o20b3o13b2obo9b2o$48bo3b3o5b3ob3o6b2ob2o20bo2b2o24bo3b3o5b3ob3o6b2ob2o$51b3o6bo2bobo6b3ob2o22b3o27b3o6bo2bobo6b3ob2o$51b3o7bo2b2o4b2o4bo53b3o7bo2b2o4b2o4bo$51bo3b3o6b2o4bo2b2o55bo3b3o6b2o4bo2b2o$54b3o3b3obo5b2o27b3o31b3o3b3obo5b2o$54b3o2bo2b2ob3ob3ob2o24b3o31b3o2bo2b2ob3ob3ob2o$54bo3bo11bo3bo58bo3bo11bo3bo$57b3o2bo3bo4bo26b2o36b3o2bo3bo4bo$56bob2o7bo3bo26bo36bob2o7bo3bo$51b2o2bo14bo59b2o2bo14bo$51bobobo74bobobo$51bo3b2obo71bo3b2obo$52bo3bo74bo3bo$45b3o2b2ob3o68b3o2b2ob3o$36b3o6bo2b7obo58b3o6bo2b7obo$36bo2b3ob2o3bo2bo4bobo56bo2b3ob2o3bo2bo4bobo$38bo5bobo3bo5bo2bo57bo5bobo3bo5bo2bo$37b2o5bobob2o66b2o5bobob2o$37b2o2bo14bo59b2o2bo14bo$32bo20b5o2bo50bo20b5o2bo$31b2o6bo13bob2ob2o50b2o6bo13bob2ob2o$31bobo3b2o13bo57bobo3b2o13bo$35bo4bo10b2obobo57bo4bo10b2obobo$34bo4bo11b2obob2o55bo4bo11b2obob2o$34bo2bo75bo2bo$48b2ob3o73b2ob3o$43bo4b5o69bo4b5o$42b2o2bo3bo70b2o2bo3bo$42bob3obo72bob3obo$39b2obo2bo2bo69b2obo2bo2bo$39bob3o2b3o69bob3o2b3o$39bob2o75bob2o$40bo4bo2bo70bo4bo2bo$40b3o2bo73b3o2bo$37bobob2o2bobo68bobob2o2bobo$36b3o2bo73b3o2bo$38bob3o74bob3o$35b2o4b2o71b2o4b2o$29b2o5bo71b2o5bo$29bobo4bo71bobo4bo$29bo6b2o70bo6b2o$32bo3b2o73bo3b2o$32b2o77b2o! | ||
|viewerconfig = #C [[ HEIGHT 600 WIDTH 1200 THUMBSIZE 2 | |viewerconfig = #C [[ HEIGHT 600 WIDTH 1200 THUMBSIZE 2 THUMBZOOM 6 ]] | ||
|position = center | |position = center | ||
|caption = Holzwart's backend with two different frontends | |caption = Holzwart's backend with two different frontends. | ||
|style = width:300px; | |style = width:300px; | ||
}}}} | }}}} | ||
==Guns== | ==Guns== | ||
Many [[glider gun]]s have been made that shoot gliders | Many [[glider gun]]s have been made that shoot gliders, however no [[gun]] was constructed for any other c/4 diagonal spaceship before December 2014, when refinement of the glider synthesis of the [[crab]] enabled a period-120 gun to be completed.<ref name="post15390" /> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| Line 162: | Line 162: | ||
|author = David Bell | |author = David Bell | ||
|date = December 7, 2023 | |date = December 7, 2023 | ||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="post219270">{{LinkForumThread | |||
|format = ref | |||
|p = 219270 | |||
|title = Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread | |||
|author = Matthias Merzenich | |||
|date = October 5, 2025 | |||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
<ref name="jasonstatus">Jason Summers' [http://entropymine.com/jason/life/status.html Game of Life Status page]</ref> | <ref name="jasonstatus">Jason Summers' [http://entropymine.com/jason/life/status.html Game of Life Status page]</ref> | ||
Latest revision as of 10:11, 5 October 2025
| c/4 diagonal | ||
| ||
| Spaceship | Yes | |
|---|---|---|
| Puffer | Yes | |
| Rake | Yes | |
| Wickstretcher | Yes | |
| Gun | Yes | |
c/4 diagonal is a diagonal speed that is equivalent to one fourth of the speed of light.
Spaceships
c/4 diagonal was the first spaceship speed to be discovered when Richard Guy found the glider in 1970. The glider was the only known c/4 diagonal spaceship until Dean Hickerson's searches discovered the big glider in December 1989. Robert Wainwright then found a few small tagalongs for this spaceship, including one that could connect two or more big gliders, giving arbitrarily large c/4 diagonal spaceships. Since then many c/4 diagonal spaceships have been found. Of particular note are those spaceships that produce sparks, such as Tim Coe's swan. On October 5, 2025, Matthias Merzenich confirmed that the 25-cell crab (originally found by Jason Summers in 2000) is the second smallest possible period-4 c/4 diagonal spaceship after the glider.[1] The first higher-period c/4 diagonal spaceship used two swans to pull a period-8 tagalong and was discovered by Jason Summers in November 2000. In September 2005 Hartmut Holzwart found a c/4 diagonal period-12 spaceship.[2][3] There is a severe lack of higher period c/4 diagonal spaceship technology until period 4508, for which David Bell in October 2005 constructed a rake with an adjustable period of 4508 + 32N, which can easily be turned into a spaceship by deleting the outgoing glider with a swan.[4]
Puffers
The first c/4 diagonal puffer was discovered by Hartmut Holzwart on February 9, 2004, which creates a tub and beehive every 28 generations.[4] On September 30, 2005 Jason Summers constructed a period 4284 puffer that was the basis of David Bell's adjustable rake. Additional low-period puffers were found by praosylen in October 2019 and March 2020.[5][6]
| c/4 diagonal puffer 1 (click above to open LifeViewer) RLE: here Plaintext: here |
Rakes
On October 14, 2005 David Bell constructed an adjustable period sideways rake with period 4508 + 32N based on Jason Summers' period 4284 puffer.
p116 c/4d technology
A period 116 puffer was discovered by Keith Amling in November 2023.[7] Adding one glider to the engine releases a glider output.[8] Multiple period-116 spaceships, rakes and puffers were discovered in the following days.[9][10][11][12][13] A period 230376 diagonal c/4 spaceship was completed by David Bell on December 5, 2023,[14] and a period 197316 version was completed on the next day.[15] A sawtooth with a minimum repeating population of 70079 was completed by David Bell on December 7, 2023.[16]
Wickstretchers
Hartmut Holzwart discovered the first c/4 diagonal wickstretcher, boatstretcher 1, on June 1, 1993. Holzwart also found a c/4 diagonal linestretcher on November 19, 2004. An incomplete wickstretcher was found by Paul Tooke in September 2004 for a period 6 wick, and in January 2013, Jason Summers and Matthias Merzenich found a stationary termination that completes the wickstretcher.[17] In October 2004 Hartmut Holzwart found a c/4 diagonal eater for this wick.
| c/4 diagonal wickstretcher for a period-6 wick (click above to open LifeViewer) RLE: here Plaintext: here |
| Holzwart's backend with two different frontends. (click above to open LifeViewer) |
Guns
Many glider guns have been made that shoot gliders, however no gun was constructed for any other c/4 diagonal spaceship before December 2014, when refinement of the glider synthesis of the crab enabled a period-120 gun to be completed.[18]
See also
- c/4 orthogonal
- Spaceships with speed c/4 (category)
- Speeds (category)
References
- ↑ Matthias Merzenich (October 5, 2025). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ Jason Summers' Game of Life Status page
- ↑ the spaceship in question
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Jason Summers' jslife pattern collection. Retrieved on October 28, 2020.
- ↑ praosylen (October 29, 2019). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ praosylen (March 22, 2020). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ Keith Amling (November 8, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ praosylen (November 10, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ EvinZL (November 10, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ May13 (November 13, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ David Bell (November 18, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ David Bell (November 23, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ iNoMed (November 30, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ David Bell (December 5, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ David Bell (December 6, 2023). Re: Spaceship Discussion Thread (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ David Bell (December 7, 2023). A probing sawtooth (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ Matthias Merzenich (January 8, 2013). Re: Wickstretcher partial result (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ Martin Grant (December 30, 2014). Re: How about a crab synthesis? (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
External links
- c/4 spaceship at the Life Lexicon
- Jason Summers' jslife pattern collection.
- New 2c/4 and Diagonal c/4 Spaceships at Game of Life News. Posted by Heinrich Koenig on December 17, 2004.
- New c/4 Diagonal Spaceships at Game of Life News. Posted by Heinrich Koenig on August 03, 2005.
- More new c/4 Diagonal Spaceships at Game of Life News. Posted by Heinrich Koenig on August 21, 2005.
- More new c/4 Diagonal Spaceships at Game of Life News. Posted by Heinrich Koenig on September 07, 2005.
- More new c/4 Diagonal Spaceships at Game of Life News. Posted by Heinrich Koenig on September 19, 2005.
- More new c/4 Diagonal Spaceships at Game of Life News. Posted by Heinrich Koenig on October 06, 2005.
- New c/4 Diagonal Spaceships at Game of Life News. Posted by Heinrich Koenig on December 10, 2006.
