John von Neumann

From LifeWiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
John von Neumann
Born December 28, 1903
Died February 8, 1957
Residence deceased
Nationality Hungarian, American
Institutions University of Göttingen, University of Berlin, University of Hamburg, Princeton University, Institute for Advanced Study, Los Alamos Laboratory
Alma mater Pázmány Péter University, University of Berlin, ETH Zürich

John von Neumann was a mathematician, physicist, computer scientist and engineer. In the 1940s, his interest in self-replicating natural processes in the physical universe led von Neumann, in collaboration with Stanislaw Ulam, to consider self-replicating machines. In 1952 he developed the concept of cellular automata. With pencil and graph paper, he constructed the first self-replicating 2-Dimensional automaton. In the process, he invented the von Neumann neighbourhood, in which each cell in a two-dimensional grid has its orthogonally adjacent cells as neighbors.

The concept of the Von Neumann universal constructor, based on the von Neumann cellular automaton, was described in a series of his lectures which were published posthumously in Theory of Self Reproducing Automata.